The Narration of the Prophet’s Bewitchment and the Muʻawwadhatayn: A Critical Study of Its Chain of Transmission (Sanad) and Implication, with a Historical and Theological Reexamination

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate professor. Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

2 M.A. Student, Department of Quranic and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

Abstract

The narration of the bewitchment of the Prophet (PBUH) is reported in Islamic sources with variations in Sanad and Text. Its theological implications for the doctrine of impeccability have also made it contentious. This research assesses the reliability of these narrative reports through Sanad and text analysis. It investigates, if a minimal acceptance is granted, how to delineate the effect's scope to safeguard the prophetic role in receiving and conveying revelation. Using a comparative analytical method, the study evaluates Rijāl aspects and conducts textual criticism of the narrations. It examines the historical and social context of Medina and the plausibility of similar threats. The discussion also encompasses the cause of revelation and the debate over the Meccan or Medinan classification of the Muʻawwadhatayn, as linking these surahs to the event hinges on resolving chronological issues and their apotropaic application. Findings show inconsistencies in the reports' chains of transmission, with some narrations pointing only to a limited physical affliction. Thus, a minimal interpretation does not compromise revelatory impeccability or the mission of the prophet. The connection to the Muʻawwadhatayn can be framed as a recommended reuse for defense, offering a reconcilable perspective on their origin debate.

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Main Subjects

Hadith Studies and Researches

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 24 April 2026

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History

  • Receive Date: 24 September 2025
  • Revise Date: 24 April 2026
  • Accept Date: 24 April 2026
  • First Publish Date: 24 April 2026
  • Publish Date: 24 April 2026

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