Imam Ali (AS)'s Educational Efforts to Reform and Guide the Nākithīn as a Group of Internal Opponents of the Islamic Government

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Theology and Studies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Hadith and Quranic Sciences Department, Humanities Faculty, Kosar University of bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.

Abstract

Given that established governments in human societies have always faced internal opposition, the appropriate strategy for Islamic rulers is to emulate the practical conduct of Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (AS) in dealing with and confronting opponents. From the perspective of Imam Ali (AS), as a model of justice in the world, employing moral education, even when dealing with opponents of the Islamic government, is an important issue.  Based on this, he endeavored to reform and guide opposing political and social groups to the best of his ability.  The present study aims to examine a portion of his statements to internal opponents of the Islamic government, analyzing them using content analysis to uncover and identify the details of Imam's educational behaviors. The results indicated that Imam Ali's educational efforts to reform and guide internal opponents can be categorized under five strategic actions: public awareness, correcting religious beliefs and ideological perspectives, tolerance and Leniency, reprimand and threat, and finally, punishment commensurate with the circumstances. Among these, the Imam's efforts towards public awareness and correcting the religious and ideological beliefs of opponents are of paramount importance.  To attract and guide opponents, he individually and specifically addressed their misconceptions, explaining the correct and true interpretation of verses from the Holy Quran and the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
 
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Sources
Balādhurī, A. (1996 AD/1417 AH). Ansāb al-Ashrāf. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr.
Dīnawarī, A. (1989 AD/1368 SH). al-Akhbār al-Ṭawāl. Qom: al-Razi.
Haqpanah, J. (1999 AD/1378 SH). "Opposition and Internal Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran." Strategic Studies. No. 4, pp. 82-98.
Ḥurr ʻᾹmilī, M. (2004 AD/1425 AH). Ithbāt al-Hudāh bil Nuṣūṣ wa al-Mu'jizāt. Beirut: 'Aalami.
Ibn Abi al-Ḥadīd, A. (1983 AD/1404 AH). Interpretation of Nahj al-Balāgha. Qom: Mar'ashi Najfi.
Ibn Aʻtham, A. (1990 AD/1411 AH). Kitāb al-Futūḥ. Beirut: Dar al-Adwa'.
Ibn Athīr, A. (1965 AD/1385 AH). al-Kāmil fī al-Tārīkh. Beirut: Dar al-Sadir.
Ibn Fāris, A. (1983 AD/1404 AH). Muʻjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha. Qom: al-'Alam al-Islami.
Ibn Manẓūr, M. (1993 AD/1414 AH). Lisān al-Aʻrāb. Beirut: Dar Sadir.
Ibn Qutaybah, A. (1989 AD/1410 AH). al-Imama wa al-Sīyāsa al-Maʻrūf bi Tārīkh al-Khulafāʼ. Beirut: Dar al-Adwa'.
Ibn Shahr Ᾱshūb, H. (1983 AD/1404 AH). Tuḥaf al-ʻUqūl ʻan Ᾱl al-Rasūl. Qom: Jami'at Mudarrisin.
Ibn Shahr Ᾱshūb, M. (1959 AD/1379 AH). Manāqib Ᾱl Abī Ṭālib. Qom: 'Alamah.
Khomeini, R. (2010 AD/1389 SH). Saḥīfa Imam. Tehran: Imam Khomeini Institute.
Rāghib Iṣfahānī, H. (1991 AD/1412 AH). Mufaradāt Alfāẓ al-Quran. Beirut: Dar al-Qalam.
Hooman, A. (2013 AD/1393 SH). Practical Guide to Content Analysis. Tehran: Mobtakeran.
Farāhīdī, K. (1988 AD/1409 AH). Kitāb al-ʻAyn. Qom: Hijrat.
Mohammadimehr, Gh. (2014 AD/1394 SH). Content Analysis Method. Tehran: Daneshnegar.
Ghazizadeh, K; Nikkhah Monfared, F. (2012 AD/1392 SH). "The Rights of Opponents Before and During War from the Perspective of Nahj al-Balāgha." Research in Quranic and Hadith Sciences. No. 1, pp. 127-145.
Neuendorf, K. (2015 AD/1395 SH). The Content Analysis Guide. Mashhad: Islamic Azad University.
Krippendorff, K. (2004 AD/1383 SH). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Tehran: Ney.
Mutahhari, M. (2008 AD/1387 SH). Philosophy of Ethics. Tehran: Sadra.
Mufīd, M. (1992 AD/1413 AH). al-Amālī. Qom: Shaykh Mufīd Congress.
Mufīd, M. (1992 AD/1413 AH). al-Jamal wa al-Naṣra li Sayyid al-ʻAtrah fī Ḥarb al-Baṣra. Qom: Shaykh Mufīd Congress.
Narāqī, M. (n.d.). Jāmiʻ al-Saʻādāt. Beirut: Al-'Alami.
Mehrdad, N; Haghadost Oskui; Sayyid Fatemi, N. (2015 AD/1395 SH). Qualitative Content Analysis. Tehran: Boshra.
Shirdel, M; Radi Bahabadi, B. S; Fattahizadeh, F; Janipour, M. (2016 AD/1396 SH). "Behavioral Study of Imam Ali (AS) with the First Domestic Opponents of the Islamic Government." Alvi Research Journal. No. 2, pp. 45-70.
Shirdel, M; Radi Bahabadi, B. S; Fattahizadeh, F; Etratdoost, M. (2019). PhD thesis: "A content analysis of Imam Ali's(A.S) behavior towards the Companions of Jamal", Tehran: Al-Zahra University.
Ṭabarī, M. (1967 AD/1387 AH). Tārikh al-Umam wa al-Mulūk. Beirut: Dar al-Turath.
Ṭūsī, M. (1993 AD/1414 AH). al-Amālī. Qom: Dar al-Thaqafa.
Newman, W. L. (2000 AD/1390 SH). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Tehran: Ketab Mehrban.
Satu, L; Helv, K. (2007). "The Qualitative Content Analysis Process." Journal Wihey Online Liberary. Vol. 3, no. 1.
Oliveira, M; Bitencourt, C; Santos, A; Teixeira, E. (2016). "Thematic Content Analysis: Is There a Difference Between the Support Provided by the MAXQDA and NVIVO Software Packages?" Rev. Adm. UFSM, Santa Maria. Vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 72-82.
Smith, Ch. (1992). Motivation and Personality: Handbook of Thematic Content Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Vaismoradi, M; Turnen, H; Bondas, T. (2013). "Content Analysis and Thematic Analysis: Implications for Conducting a Qualitative Study." Nursing and Health Sciences. No. 15, pp. 398-405.
Hadith Studies and Researches
Volume 2, Issue 1 - Serial Number 5
February 2025
Pages 81-110

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 17 November 2024
  • Revise Date: 26 January 2025
  • Accept Date: 27 January 2025
  • First Publish Date: 19 February 2025
  • Publish Date: 19 February 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics