Analysis of Imam Ṣādiq's (AS) Communication Approach with Abul Khaṭṭāb (Based on the PDAM Narrative Discourse Analysis Method)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Shia History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Theology, law and Islamic Studies, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Islamic Studies Department, , Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran.

Abstract

During his Imamate, Imam Ṣādiq (AS) faced many deviant thoughts and movements, one of which was the "Ghuluw (exaggeration) movement." Abul Khaṭṭāb is one of the prominent figures of Ghuluw. Although the Ghuluw movement spread significantly during the time of Imam Ṣādiq, Abul Khaṭṭāb faced the most and strictest opposition during this period. This it is an indication of the extent of the deviation of this dangerous exaggerator and Imam Ṣādiq's (AS) efforts to nullify his Exaggerator propaganda; in dealing with Abul Khaṭṭāb, Imam Ṣādiq (AS) prioritized the preservation and protection of Shiʻa from deviations. The present study aims to identify the approach of Imam Ṣādiq's (AS) communication in confronting Abul Khaṭṭāb as one of the prominent figures of Ghuluw. The present research uses a descriptive-analytical method with an interdisciplinary approach, and, by modeling the "PDAM" Narrative Discourse Analysis method, analyzes the communication approach of this Imam with Abul Khaṭṭāb. Research findings indicated that in Imam's (AS) encounter with Abul Khaṭṭāb, the "Repulsive Approach" with 96 percent had the highest frequency, and the "Conservative Approach" and "Reactive Approach" each had the lowest frequency with 2 percent. Among the dual approaches, the "Repulsive-Offensive Approach" has the highest value and frequency, and the Repulsive-Defensive approach has the lowest frequency. The results of the research show that "Abul Khaṭṭāb" caused deviation in Shiʻa beliefs; therefore, the Imam did not tolerate or compromise with him in any way. The high frequency of cursing and condemnation in the Imam's discourse indicates the extent of the deviation of this dangerous exaggerator and the Imam's efforts to expose and nullify his exaggerator propaganda. The high frequency of approaches in the "Structural Space" along with explicit rejections and curses, condemnations, etc. from Imam Ṣādiq (AS) indicates the serious danger of Abul Khaṭṭāb and his movement for the Shiʻa.

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References

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Hadith Studies and Researches
Volume 2, Issue 3
September 2025
Pages 35-67

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History

  • Receive Date: 15 February 2025
  • Revise Date: 12 May 2025
  • Accept Date: 23 May 2025
  • First Publish Date: 23 August 2025
  • Publish Date: 23 August 2025

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